World+War+Two+--+Period+7

= This page is beginning to look wonderful! Keep going, period 7! :) -Mrs. Spring //**__World War Two __**//  If "war is hell", then why do we have it?  =

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The second most important propaganda figure (also fictional) in motivating citizens of the U.S. to partake in the war effort, "Rosie the Riveter" convinced women to join the work force and was a huge part in ending WWII.=====

**German:**
Translation: "The German student fights for the leader and the people in the NSD student alliance."

__**1.TIME FRAME?**__ A: [] - Timeline of WW2 from September 1, 1939 to August 14, 1945

__**2.WHO WERE THE MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE COMING AND FIGHTING OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR?**__ __Franklin D. Roosevelt__- President of the U.S during the Great Depression and most of the U.S's involvment in WW2. FDRs war message to congress

__Harry S. Truman__- FDR's vice president, he became president following the death of FDR. His presidency was primarily during the pacific war with japan and post-WW2 era. Truman made the tough decision to use the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

__Adolf Hitler__- Became the leader of Germany and started WW2. Ruled with a fascist totalitarianism government as the leader of the national socialist (Nazi) party. Known for starting the Holocaust, wherein Hitler oversaw the killing of somewhere between 11 and 14 million people, about 6 million of which Jews.

__Benito Mussolini__- Dictator of fascist Italy during WWII. Became Prime Minister of Italy in 1922, kept his authoritarian leadership until 1945. He replaced Italy’s democratic government, developing the idea of fascism. He was the first leader of fascism, and Hitler adopted his ideas. The downfall of Mussolini has been said to be a result of his entering Italy into Second World War so soon after the Spanish Civil War.

__Tojo Hideki__-
 * The Prime minister of Japan during WW2. He also held the posts of minister of war, home minister and foreign minister. From February 1944 he was also Commander in Chief of the General Staff.
 * [[image:http://www.s9.com/images/portraits/30276_Tojo-Hideki.jpg width="178" height="203" align="right"]]Tojo was a supporter of Nazi Germany. He also feared the long-term plans of Joesph Stalin and in 1938 he advocated pre-emptive air strikes on both China and the Soviet Union.
 * He was for the foreign office's efforts to reach an agreement with the US. But, he was then convinced that a negotiated deal was possible, so he ordered the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December, 1941.

__Joseph Stalin-__ After failing to sign an anti-German military alliance with France and Britain, Stalin signed the Soviet Union into an anti-agression pact with Nazi Germany. Germany later broke that agreement and invaded the Soviet Union. Instead of tactics he sent men on suicide chargers. Which means he would send out soldiers without out any real strategy and they had little experience, so they would quicky get killed while fighting. Implemented the strategy of scorged earth, in which russians would burn farms and livestock when losing ground so that their enemies could not use the resourse.

__Winston Churchill__- Prime minister of Great Britain during WW2. Led Britain into victory against the Axis Powers. Add specific accomplishments and actions taken by Winston Churchill during this war
 * "Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid."**

__Axis Powers-__ A group of allied nations comprised of: __Germany, Italy, Japan__, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria-became known as such after the signing of the Tripartite Pact.

__Allied Powers-__ A group of allied nations comprised of: __United States, Russia, Great Britain__, France, Poland, China, Canada, as well as many others. United to defeat the Axis Powers.

A: It started with the selling of armaments and supplies to other nations to help get the U.S economy back under control and after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. U.S.A declared war on Japan and the axis powers and we entered the war in europe while repairs were made on the pacific fleet attacked in Pearl Harbor.
 * __3.WHAT WERE THE REASONS FOR US INVOLVEMENT IN THIS WAR?__**

__**4.WHAT STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES WERE UTILIZED TO ACHIEVE VICTORY?**__ __**STRATEGIES**__ French fortifications on the border of France and Germany. It consisted of bunkers, machine gun posts, tanks, and artillery as well as other fortification atempts. It was named after the French Minister of Defense- Andre Maginot. The maginot line defended the borders of France from the eastern side. This became a symbol of the fall of France when it was utterly obliterated with the German stratagy-Blitzkrieg.
 * Maginot line:**

Blitzkrieg or lightning war was a strategy used by Germany to overwhelm enemy forces. Blitzkrieg consisted of tanks, parachute troops and light heavily armed troops to concentrate on a single point and break the line fast then proceed to flank the enemy. It was used to keep your enemy confused and off-balence. Blitzkrieg failed in the invasion of Russia when troops couldn't move as fast which let out the key part of Blitzkrieg- speed. Include other specific invasions where this technique was used As a precautionary measure, Japanese Americans on the West Coast were put in internment camps in order to move them eastward in the case that some of them may be Japanese spies. The big problem was living conditions were poor and their migration was unsuccessful. There were many attempts to assassinate Hitler, many of which from within Hitler's command. On April 30th, 1945, Hitler was in one of his bunkers, surrounded by U.S. troops, and he committed suicide with his family in order to prevent his assassination. __**BATTLES AND INVASIONS**__ __**5.IN WHAT WAYS DID THE UNITED STATES CHANGE POLITICALLY, SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY AS A RESULT OF WORLD WAR TWO?**__ __Political-__ The U.S continued having isolationist views and didn't want to get involved with any disputes, partically with European affairs. __Social-__ Women were indroduced more into the workforce. __Economic-__ Brought the United States out of the Depression due to the number of jobs it created between manufacturing plants, men on the front lines, and completely destroying Germany and Japan's ability to produce goods for quite a while.
 * Blitzkrieg:**
 * Japanese Internment Camps:**
 * The suicide of Adolf Hitler, Die Fuhrer von Deutschland!**
 * The atomic bombs dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki**
 * Battle of the bulge(Bastogne):** "Turning point of the war" as it was known as was one of the last German offenses before its defeat. The battle of the bulge took place near the village of Bastogne in Belgium.

__**CURRENT ARTICLES AND HELPFUL LINKS**__ [|German Lawmaker's Remarks...] [|Codetalkers] [|Bush Administration Memos from NYT] [|BBC - World War Two] WW2 Information [|WW2- the sequel to WW1] [|Winston Churchill's declaration of war 1941] [|World War 2] [|WW2 timeline] [|Events and battles]

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING A: The bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, was an attempt by the Japanese to destroy the U.S's main pacific fleet on December 7, 1941. The bombing of Pearl Harbor led to an increased feeling of nationalism (not to be confused with patriotism) and led to congress ending the isolationism policy.
 * 1. What caused the United States to give up neutrality and enter World War Two?**
 * 2. How might the Munich Conference help us to understand the decisions of the Bush Administration's stance on Terrorism following the attacks on September 11, 2001?** The Munich Conference is famously remembered as a failed attempt towards appeasement of an evil political entity. I suppose it may have been used by the Bush Administration as a justification for its zero tolerance policies or to quiet any dissenters by accusing them of appeasing terrorists.
 * 3. How can I best show that I understand the connection between World War Two and the emerging African American Civil Rights Movement?**

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 * __Major Events:__**

__Operation Torch__: Operation Torch was an allied invasion of French North Africa from which lasted from November 8th to November 16th of 1942. The reason for the operation was too assist Russia by reducing the pressure of German troops pushing into Russia. Operation Torch was executed by British and American troops. The assault was a three pronged amphibious landing (see photo) to control key ports and airports in Morocco and Algeria. After control of the key points, Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers were targeted next. If successfully taken over, an advance into Tunisia was planned.



__** America and the Holocuast **__

__Rabbi Stephen S, Wise__ 1874-1949 Stephen Wise was a rabbi in Portland, Oregon, who was an outspoken opponent against the Nazis, starting around 1933. He attempted to raise public opinion about the mistreatment of jews in Europe, and held massive anti-nazi rallies at Madison Square Garden. He also tried to get President Franklin Roosevelt to support unrestricted emigrants to Palestine, and to let more jewish refugees into the United States. Thanks to Wises' efforts, Roosevelt asked the State Department to let more German jews into the U.S, by easing visa requirements. ..The number of Jews in the practice of the professions (law,medicine,etc.) should be definitely limited to the percentages that the Jewish population in north Africa bears to the whole of north African population… his plan would further eliminate the specific and understandable complaints which the Germans bore towards the Jews in Germany, namely, that while they represented a small part of the population, over 50 percent of the lawyers, doctors, schoolteachers, college professors, etc. in Germany were Jews.

1. What do you think about Roosevelt’s suggestion?

I think that Roosevelt’s suggestion is showing his true colors. He was perceived as someone who always wants to help and was one of the greatest presidents but this suggestion shows his anti-Semitic side.

2. How do his comments reflect the anti-Semitism of the times?

During this time anti-Semitism was not only in Europe but in the USA. There were Nazi conferences and rallies on US soil. Roosevelt’s suggestion just adds to the anti-Semitic tension all over the world. He is supposed to be helping the Jews not promoting anti-Semitism.

3. How do they help explain his inaction?

This explains his inaction in a few ways. Although this comment was not known to the public it shows how he felt. Therefore he didn’t take action because of his personal feelings which is not the right thing for a president to do.

This big question is worth learning about because it shows the true feelings of our president at the time and provides an explanation for his inaction.

Please insert your writing assignments here.

__Father Charles Co____ughlin__ 1891-1979 Father Charles Coughlin was one of the many incendiary demagogues present in the World War 2 period. He disseminated his views through his radio program. Prior to World War 2 Father Coughlin was a staunch supporter of FDR and the New Deal, eventually Father Coughlin would be extremely anti-FDR. Father Coughlin was an isolationist. On his radio program he claimed that Christians were persecuted by Russians before Jews were persecuted by Nazis. He saw the Nazis as a possible way to stop communism in Russia. Eventually his radio program would be shut down, so he started to write his beliefs in his own newspaper which wouldn't be successful because the United States Post Office Department wouldn't deliver it.

Henry Morgenthau was the secretary of treasury during roosevelts term. he was a diplomat amd a jew. he stablized the U.S. dollar, and he also helped finance the "new deal". Morgenthau was the only Jew in Roosevelt's cabinet. he also had a lot of interactment with germany and trying to assure that we wouldn't go to war again. he was a really cool guy and did a lot for the jewish commuinty.

__**The War Refugee Board:**__ Established by President Roosevelt in January 1944, the WRB ultimately saved about 200,000 jews. The WRB was created because of foreign pressures urging Roosevelt to create some sort of rescue program for the Jews in Europe that were being systematically murdered for genocide. The War Refugee was at first supposed to be run by all government agencies but the Treasury Department only did its part. President Roosevelt also only collected 1 million dollars for the organization and most of the money came from private Jewish organizations such as the American Jewish Join Distribution Commitee (AJJDC). The AJJDC other organizations' donations funded most of the rescue operations. The WRB once set out to rescue Hungarian Jews. By pressur- ing the Hungarian government, the US was able to stop the deportation of about 230,000 Jews to the Nazi Regime.


 * Big Question 1:**

The Nazis attempted to keep the genocide a secret, but in August 1942, Dr. Gerhart Riegner, the representative of the World Jewish Congress in Geneva, Switzerland, learned what was going on from a German source. Riegner asked American diplomats in Switzerland to inform Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, who was an American-Jewish spokesman, of the mass murder plan. The US State Department followed anti-Semitism views, so they decided not to inform Wise. When Wise found out he approached the Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles. They asked him to keep the information a secret so they can figure out exactly what was going on in Europe. Wise agreed and on November 1942 the release of Riegner's message which told what was happening. Wise held a press conference on the evening of November 24, 1944. The next day // New York Times // reported his news on its ** tenth ** page, which people rarely look at since it’s so far into the paper. It was also a smaller article, and probably not noticeable to most people. Throughout the rest of the war, the // Times // and most other newspapers failed to give good and detailed coverage of what was actually happening to the European Jews. FDR felt under pressure because people in the State Department organizing rescue efforts. On January 22, 1944, FDR issued Executive Order 9417, creating the War Refugee Board

 This is worth learning about because it shows how little America responded to the problem going on in Europe. If FDR never felt pressured, the US probably wouldn't have done anything to help them and the mass murders would have continued. We as a country should have done more to help.

-The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was the Jewish resistance that existed in the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland, which was occupied by Germany during World War II. This opposed Nazi Germany’s attempt to transport what was left of the ghetto population to an extermination camp. This rebellion against the Germans was launched on January 18, 1943. However, the most significant part of it took place from April 19 to May 16, 1943. During the Holocaust, it was the largest single revolt to take place. Himmler, military commander and a leading member of the Nazi Party, and the SS, a personal protection guard unit for Hitler, began planning the extermination of the entire Warsaw ghetto, which was supposed to take about three days. When SS and police units entered the ghetto at dawn on the eve of Passover, April 19th, they found the streets empty. From windows and hidden places, the resistance fighters fired bullets, threw grenades and Molotov cocktails. Because of this surprise attack, the SS units fled the ghetto with a small number killed, but a much greater amount wounded. With the support of their numbers, the SS began a systematic search and destroy of all the buildings in the ghetto. The uprising was over in just less than a month, however it was still a serious blow to the Nazis. This event is important as it inspired resistance in other ghettos as well as escape attempts from extermination camps. Hitler launched Operation Harvest Festival (Aktion Erntefest) in response to the fear of armed Jewish uprisings. Its aim was to kill all the Jews which remained in Lublin district of occupied Poland.

=Big Question 3: = ====Present day examples of things similar to anti-semitism include the persecution of Mexicans. Throughout the history of the United States there has always existed a certain nativism ==== ====as there is in almost every other country, regardless of the ideals of equality we try to enforce. There were the Irish, the Jews, and now, the Mexicans. The argument is this:﻿ In times ==== ====the recession that we are in it would seem foolish to allow immigrants into our country and "take our jobs". In reality, they are mostly only taking below minimum-wage under the table ==== ====jobs that we would probably never even consider taking. This is similar to the WWII era because there was a strong idea that Jews were going to take the jobs of that era, leaving us ====